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Cortical
Different cortical areas influence the latencies of reactive saccades (intraparietal and posterior parietal cortex) and voluntary saccades (frontal eye fields and prefrontal cortex). In addition, one area influences the inhibition of reactive saccades (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), and another area influences saccade sequences (supplementary eye fields).
Eye movements abnormalities related to cortical impairment include:
- Saccadic impairment: increased latency (reactive and voluntary) & antisaccade error rate
- Fixation impairment: saccadic intrusions (square-wave jerks)*
- Pursuit impairment: jerky pursuit with catch-up saccades*
*in a non-specific way.
Subcortical
Damage to the basal ganglia, involving the dopaminergic pathway, affects the amplitude of saccades, leading to a tendency towards hypometria.
Oculomotor abnormalities related to extrapyramidal dysfunction include:
- Saccadic impairment: hypometria
- Fixation impairment: saccadic intrusions (square-wave jerks)*
- Pursuit impairment: jerky pursuit with catch-up saccades*
*in a non-specific way.
Cerebellum
Cerebellar impairment affects the precision of saccades and ocular misalignment (ocular motor vermis and fastigal nucleus) . It can also affect fixation (flocculus/paraflocculus) and the vestibulo-ocular reflex (nodulus/uvula)
Eye movements abnormalities related to cerebellar impairment include:
- Saccadic impairment: dysmetria (hypermetria or hypometria)
- Ocular misalignment: esophoria or exophoria
- Fixation impairment: nystagmus and saccadic intrusions*
- Pursuit impairment: jerky pursuit with catch-up saccades*
- Vestibular impairment: impaired vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)
*in a non-specific way.
Brainstem
Damage to the brainstem affects saccade velocity (reticular formation), fixation (substantia nigra), and ocular coordination (superior colliculus).
Eye movements abnormalities related to brainstem impairment include:
- Saccadic impairment: dysmetria, reduction of saccade velocity, vertical gaze palsy
- Fixation impairment: nystagmus, frequent saccadic intrusions* (square-wave jerks)
- Pursuit impairment: jerky pursuit with catch-up saccades*
*in a non-specific way.
ICEBERG
Early Parkinson Diagnosis
Study of the factors that predict the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease.
PI: Marie Vidhaillet (PI initiated)
n = 300 (220PD / 70iRBD / 70 HV)
TREAT-FGF14
Effect of Fampridine in SCA27B patients
A Randomized, Parallel-arm, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy of Fampridine for Patients With Spinocerebellar Ataxia SCA27B Caused by a GAA Expansion in the FGF14 Gene
PI: Dr. Coarelli (PI initiated)
n = 70 (SCA27B)
CONSTANCES
Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Establish reference values for the biomarkers measured by neuroClues and collect longitudinal oculomotor data from a large population in order to identify pathological progression trends as early as possible.
PI: A. Elbaz (PI initiated)
n = 220.000 (General population) - 25.000 with neuroClues
NEUROPREMS
Early Diagnosis Neurodegenerative Diseases
Identify longitudinal changes in multimodal markers of neurodegeneration & neuroinflammation during the presymptomatic phase of neurodegenerative diseases
PI: A. Durr / J.C. Corvol (PI initiated)
n = 1.000 (800 presymptomatic at risk subjects & 200 HV)
Slow-SPEED UK
Early Parkinson’s Exercise Program to Slow Progression of Disease
This study explores whether a structured exercise program can help slow progression in people with early or prodromal Parkinson’s disease. It also examines related markers as oculomotor biomarkers to better understand disease evolution and treatment response.
PI: V. Azoidou (PI initiated)
n = 110 (HV with prodromal symptom of PD : hyposmia)
